Experimental characterization of the thermo-electro-mechanical properties of a shape memory composite during electric activation

This works investigates in detail the electro-thermo-mechanical properties of a shape memory composite (SMC) during shape memory cycles in which the heating is a result of resistive heating. The SMC is a covalently cross-linked poly(ϵ-caprolactone) network filled with 3 wt% of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The characterization is performed with the help of a custom-made tensile test bench that is able to couple the mechanical characterization with the thermal and electrical ones. A proportional integral controller using the lambda tuning method is used in order to control the temperature achieved by resistive heating of the SMC. The electrical resistivity of the SMC shows a non-linear and non-monotonic dependence on temperature and strain. The resistivity is also found to vary among successive shape memory cycles, suggesting that a (first) training cycle is necessary not only to stabilize the mechanical but also the electrical properties of the SMC. A fuzzy logic controller for constant load control is also used to investigate the strain variation with temperature related to the two-way shape memory effect of the SMC. The results give evidence of the strong interplay between the electrical and (thermo-)mechanical characteristics of electroactive SMCs.