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Structures / Golden Gate Bridge
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About this data sheet:
Structure-ID: s0000029
Created on: 28/10/98
Modified on: 10/12/08


Golden Gate Bridge

Built: 1933 - 1937
Status: in use
Location: San Francisco, San Francisco County, California, USA
Crosses: Golden Gate (San Francisco Bay)
Golden Gate Bridge
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There is a total of 274 images.
Structural Type:
Suspension bridge
gravity-anchored
Function / usage:
Motorway bridge / freeway bridge

Persons involved with this structure
Legend: Phase of works
RoleNamePart of structure 
Initial construction (1933-1937)
Chief engineer Joseph Baermann Strauss
Architect Irving Foster Morrow
Consulting engineer Othmar Hermann Ammann
  Charles Derleth, Jr.
  Leon Solomon Moisseiff
Field engineer Russel G. Cone
Lower lateral system addition (1954-1955)
Engineer Clifford E. Paine
Suspender replacement, seismic retrofit & deck replacement (1981-1985)
Chief engineer Frank L. Stahl

Firms, offices, etc. involved with this structure
Legend: Phase of works
RoleNamePart of structure 
Initial construction (1933-1937)
Steel construction Bethlehem Steel Co. towers
deck
Cable steel supplier John A. Roebling's Sons Company
Suspender replacement, seismic retrofit & deck replacement (1981-1985)
Consulting engineers Ammann & Whitney
Contractor Dillingham Construction deck
Seismic retrofit (1996-2001)
Contractor Balfour Beatty Construction
Seismic retrofit (2001-2005)
Consulting engineers Jacobs Civil Inc.
  Thomas Jee Associates, Inc.
Co-contractor Obayashi Corp.
  Shimmick Construction Company Inc.
Prestressing DYWIDAG-Systems International USA Inc.

Products used in this structure
DYWIDAG bar tendons DYWIDAG Bar Post-Tensioning System
DYWIDAG bonded strand tendon prestressing system DYWIDAG Bonded Post-Tensioning Systems Using Strands
DYWIDAG Bonded Post-Tensioning Systems Using Strands have been used for decades: in bridge construction, the construction of reservoirs and for many other engineering structures above and below ground as well as off-shore.

Technical information
DescriptionValue
Construction materials used
cables  steel
pylons  steel
deck truss  steel
Dimensions
  main span 1 280 m
  length of side spans 343 m
  total length 2 737 m
cables   number of cables 2
  strands per cable 92
  wires per strand 27 572
deck   deck depth 7.6 m
  deck width 27 m
  clearance 67 m
tower   tower height 227.4 m

Chronology
1954- 1955
Addition of Lower Lateral System.
November 1972- May 1976
Suspender cable replacement.
1981- 1982
Seismic retrofit.
November 1983- August 1985
Roadway deck and sidewalk replacement.

Relevant Web Sites
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External LinkA Sightseer's Guide to Engineering: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkA Span for All Seasons: Golden Gate (1) English
External LinkA Span for All Seasons: Golden Gate (1) English
External LinkA Span for All Seasons: Golden Gate (2) English
External LinkarchINFORM: Golden Gate Bridge (QTVR) English German French Spanish Italian
External LinkBernd Nebel: Brücken Weltweit: Die Golden Gate Brücke German
External LinkBridge Postcard Collector's: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkBridge Pros: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkDan Heller Photography: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkDSI: Golden Gate Bridge Seismic Retrofit using DYWIDAG Geotechnical Post-Tensioning Systems English
External LinkDSI: Golden Gate Bridge Seismic Retrofit using DYWIDAG Geotechnical Post-Tensioning Systems English
External LinkENR: Famed Golden Gate Span Undergoes Complex Seismic Revamp (03.01.2005) English
External LinkGolden Gate Bridge English
External LinkGolden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District English
External LinkGreat Buildings Online: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkHAER: Golden Gate Bridge, Spanning mouth of San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA English
External LinkHistoric Bridges of the United States: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkiCivilEngineer: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkInvention Factory: Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkInvention Factory: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkPBS: American Experience: Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkPBS: Building Big - Golden Gate Bridge English
External LinkSan Francisco Museum: Construction of the Golden Gate and Bay Bridges English

Relevant Literature
* Erdbebensicherungsmaßnahmen an der Golden Gate Brücke mit DYWIDAG geotechnischen Systemen und Spannverfahren, in "DSI Info", 2005- 2006, n. 13 .
* Golden Gate Bridge Seismic Retrofit using DYWIDAG Geotechnical & Post-Tensioning Systems, in "DSI Info", 2005- 2006, n. 13 .
* Les grands ponts en construction à San-Francisco, in "Ossature métallique", November 1934 v. 3 .
* Un pylône du pont de la Porte d'Or à San Francisco, in "Ossature métallique", April 1937 v. 6 .
* Abdel-Ghaffar, Ahmed M.   Ambient Vibration Studies of Golden Gate Bridge, in "Journal of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE)", April 1985, n. 4 v. 111 .
* Abdel-Ghaffar, Ahmed M.   Ambient Vibration Studies of Golden Gate Bridge, in "Journal of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE)", April 1985, n. 4 v. 111 .
* Bernstein, Fay   Extending the lifespan of the North Anchorage Housing of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Bonatz, Paul   Brücken, Karl Robert Langewiesche Verlag, Königstein im Taunus (Germany) , 1956; pp. 111-112.
* Brown, David J.   Bridges, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (USA) , ISBN 002517455X, 1993; pp. 104-105.
* Brown, Jeff L.   Landmarks in American Civil Engineering History, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", November - December 2002, n. 11-12 v. 72 .
* Cassidy, Stephen   Spanning the Gate, Squarebooks, ISBN 0916290360.
* Deswarte, Sylvie   L'architecture et les ingénieurs, Moniteur, Paris (France) , ISBN 2281190994, 1997; pp. 142.
* Dietrich, Richard J.   Faszination Brücken (1st edition), Callwey, Munich (Germany) , ISBN 3766713264, 1998; pp. 194-202.
* Dillon, Richard   High Steel, Celestial Arts, ISBN 0890878595, 1998.
* Dupré, Judith   Bridges, Black Dog & Leventhal, New York (USA) , ISBN 1884822754, 1997; pp. 82-83.
* Dupré, Judith   Brücken, Könemann, Cologne (Germany) , ISBN 3829004095, 1998; pp. 82-83.
* Dupré, Judith   Les ponts, Könemann, Cologne (Germany) , ISBN 3829004109; pp. 82-83.
* Giacomini, Mervin C.   Golden Gate Update, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", November 2000, n. 11 v. 70 .
* Giacomini, Mervin C.   Introduction to the Golden Gate Bridge retrofit project, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Gidwani, Jawahar M.   Seismic analysis of the Fort Point Arch of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Graf, Bernhard   Bridges that Changed the World, Prestel, Munich (Germany) , ISBN 3791327011, 2002; pp. 90-91.
* Graf, Bernhard   Brücken, die die Welt verbinden, Prestel, Munich (Germany) , ISBN 3791327003, 2002; pp. 90-91.
* Haight, Roger Q.   Cable Safety Factors for Four Suspension Bridge, in "Journal of Bridge Engineering (ASCE)", November 1997, n. 4 v. 2 .
* Horton, Tom   Superspan, Squarebooks, ISBN 0916290786, 1998.
* Imbsen, Roy A.   Seismic retrofit of the North Approach Viaduct of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Ingham, Tim   Seismic retrofit of the suspension spans of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Jackson, Donald C.   Great American Bridges and Dams, John Wiley & Sons, New York (USA) , ISBN 0471143855, 1984; pp. 278-280.
* Jee, Thomas C.   Seiemic retrofit of the South Pylons for the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Jee, Thomas C.   Seismic retrofit of the South Approach Viaduct of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Ketchum, Mark A.   Probing the Golden Gate, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", June 1991, n. 6 v. 61 .
* Ketchum, Mark A.   Seismic analysis and behavior of three major western-U.S. suspension bridges (San Francisco-Oakland West Bay Crossing, Golden Gate Bridge, Tacoma Narrows Bridge), presented at Ponts suspendus et à haubans. Cable-stayed and suspension bridges, Deauville, 12.-15.10.1994.
* MacDonald, Donald   Golden Gate Bridge, Chronicle Books, San Francisco (USA) , ISBN 0811863379, 2008.
* Mohn, Daniel E.   Golden Gate Bridge Improvements, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", May 1987, n. 5 v. 57 .
* Ohlemutz, A.   50 Jahre Golden Gate-Brücke in San Francisco, in "Stahlbau", December 1987, n. 12 v. 56 .
* Picon, Antoine   L'art de l'ingénieur, Éditions du Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (France) , ISBN 2858509115, 1997; pp. 211-212.
* Prade, Marcel   Les grands ponts du monde: Hors d'Europe, Brissaud, Poitiers (France) , ISBN 2902170688, 1990; pp. 146-147.
* Reilich, Harry D.   Golden Gate Bridge: Deck Investigation, in "Journal of the Technical Councils of ASCE", April 1981, n. 1 v. 107 .
* Robison, Rita   Rehabbing under Traffic, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", July 1986, n. 7 v. 56 .
* Sabbah, Catherine   Horizons architecture / Architectural Horizons, Editions Le Moniteur, Paris (France) , ISBN 2281191478, 2001.
* Seim, Charles   Architectural heritage and seismic retrofit of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Seim, Charles   Building Over the Golden Gate, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", May 1987, n. 5 v. 57 .
* Skerrett, Robert G.   Le plus grand pont suspendu du monde: le pont de la Porte d'Or à San-Francisco, in "La Technique des Travaux", November 1935, n. 11 v. 11 .
* Stahl, Frank   Golden Gate Bridge Deck Replacement, The Welding Innovation Quarterly, Summer 1986.
* Stahl, Frank L.   The Golden Gate Bridge, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 12/1980, v. 352.
* Stahl, Frank L.   Golden Gate Bridge - Performance Under Wind Loading, presented at Structures Congress XIII, Boston, Massachusetts, 2-5.4.1995.
* Stahl, Frank L.   Golden Gate Bridge - Report of the Chief Engineer [Vol. II], San Francisco (USA) , 2007.
* Stahl, Frank L.   Seismic Retrofit of the Golden Gate Bridge, presented at 7th Annual Bridge Conference, 1990, Paper IBC 90-58.
* Strauss, Joseph B.   The Golden Gate Bridge, Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District, San Francisco (USA) , 1937.
* Tanaka, Hiroshi   Wind-Induced Response of Golden Gate Bridge, in "Journal of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE)", January - February 1983, n. 1 v. 109 .
* Van der Zee, John   The Gate, Simon & Schuster, New York (USA) , ISBN 0-671-60205-5, 1986.
* Wittfoht, Hans   Buiding bridges, Beton-Verlag, Düsseldorf (Germany) , ISBN 3764001763, 1984.

 
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