Millennium Bridge
General Information
| Structural Type: |
Suspension bridge
|
|---|---|
| Function / usage: |
Pedestrian bridge (footbridge)
|
| Built: | 1996 - 2000 |
| Status: | in use |
Geographic Information & Related Structures
| Location: |
City of London, London, England, United Kingdom, Europe Southwark, London, England, United Kingdom, Europe |
|---|---|
| Crosses |
|
Technical Information
Dimensions
| main span | 144 m | |
| sag | 2.3 m | |
| total length | 370 m |
Cost
| cost of construction | Pound sterling 18 200 000 |
Materials
| superstructure |
steel
|
|---|
Chronology
| 10 June 2000 | On the opening weekend, over 150 000 people use the bridge. On Saturday, larger than expected movements are experienced as larger crowds cross the bridge. |
|---|---|
| 12 June 2000 | The bridge is temporarily closed to assess the deflection problems that occurred in the first days of opening. |
| 22 February 2002 | After addition of dampeners during a £ 5 000 000 repair program, the bridge re-opens to the public. |
Notes
The structural problem of the Millennium Bridge is due to "synchronous lateral excitation", where the footfalls from pedestrians create lateral movements in the bridge. These movements are enhanced when the pedestrians attempt to compensate and match their footfalls to the bridge's movements. At more than 156 pedestrians this type of movement increased visibly in the Millennium Bridge. The structural problems were studied at the Cambridge University Structure Laboratory.
Participants
Owner
Architecture
Structural engineering
Checking engineering
Co-contractor
Subcontractor
- Taylor Devices Europe (dampers)
Cable steel supplier
Bearings
Quantity surveyor
Rehabilitation
Contractor
Relevant Web Sites
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0lll.com - Architecture Gallery: Millenium Bridge
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archINFORM: Millennium Bridge
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BBC News: 'Rigid' Millennium Bridge reopens (22.02.2002)
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CNN: London's wobbly bridge reopens
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Mary Ann Sullivan: Millennium Bridge, London
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Taylor Devices Europe: Damper Retrofit of the London Millennium Footbridge
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Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide - Millennium Bridge
Relevant Publications
- Millennium Brücke, London / Millennium Bridge, London, in "Detail - Zeitschrift für Architektur + Baudetail", December 1999, n. 8 v. 39
- Millennium Bridge, London: problems and solutions, in "The Structural Engineer", 17 April 2001, n. 8 v. 79
- London's latest footbridge takes shape, in "Bridge Design & Engineering", 1st Quarter 2000, n. 18 v. 6
- Millennium Bridge in London wiedereröffnet, in "Bautechnik", April 2002, n. 4 v. 79
- Quattro ponti esemplari / Four exemplary bridges, in "Crossing", June 2001, n. 2 v. 2
- Bridge, Birkhäuser, Basel (Switzerland), ISBN 3764366435, 2002
- La passerelle du Millennium à Londres, in "Bulletin ouvrages métalliques", 2002, n. 2
- London Millennium Bridge: Pedestrian-Induced Lateral Vibration, in "Journal of Bridge Engineering (ASCE)", November - December 2001, n. 6 v. 6
- The London Millennium Footbridge, in "The Structural Engineer", November 2001, n. 22 v. 79
- Millennium Bridge, Londýn/London, in "zlatý rez", n. 16
- Bridges that Changed the World, Prestel, Munich (Germany), ISBN 3791327011, 2002; pp. 112-113
- Brücken, die die Welt verbinden, Prestel, Munich (Germany), ISBN 3791327003, 2002; pp. 112-113
- An Engineer's Guide to Interesting Structures in London; pp. 20-21
- Key results of modal testing of the Millennium bridge, London, presented at Footbridge 2002, Paris, 20-22.11.2002.
- Bridge Builders, Wiley, ISBN 047149786X, 2002; pp. 62-65
- Spans Sway Underfoot in Europe, in "Engineering News Record", 10 July 2000
- Sway-free footbridge to open at last, in "Bridge Design & Engineering", 1st Quarter 2002, n. 26 v. 8
- Bridges - Ponts - Brücken, Atrium, Mexico City (Mexico), ISBN 8495692619, 2002; pp. 384-395
- 30 Bridges, Laurence King, ISBN 1856692175, 2002
- 30 Brücken, Callwey Verlag, Munich (Germany), ISBN 3766715011
Internal Information
| Structure-ID: | s0000603 |
|---|---|
| Created: | 21/01/2000 |
| Last Updated: | 05/03/2013 |